UNIX COMMANDS

List the files : ls (Lower case L and lower case S)

List all files : ls -a

Create Directory : mkdir

Change the directory name : cd directory

Change to home directory : cd

Change to home directory : cd ~

Change to parent directory : cd..

Display the path of current directory : pwd

Copy file1 to file2 : cp file1 file2

Move file1 to file2 : mv file1 file2

Delete file : rm file

Delete a directory : rmdir directory

Display a file : cat file

Display a file page : less file

Display first few lines of file : head file

Display last few lines of file : tail file

Search a file with keyword : grep ‘keyword’ file

Count number of lines/words/characters in a file : wc file

Redirect standard output to a file : command > file

Appand standard output to a file : command >> file

Redirect standard input from a file : command < file

Concatenate file1 and file2 to file0 : cat file1 file2 > file0

Pipe the output of comman1 to the input of command2 : command1 | command2

Sort data : sort

List user currently logged in : who

Match any number of character : *

Match one character : ?

read the online manual page for a command : man command

brief description of a command : whatis command

match commands with keyword in their man pages : apropos keyword

list access rights for all files : ls -lag

change access rights for named file : chmod [options] file

run command in background : command &

kill the job running in the foreground : ^C

suspend the job running in the foreground : ^Z

background the suspended job : bg

list current jobs : jobs

foreground job number 1 : fg %1

kill job number 1 : kill %1

list current processes : ps

kill process number 12345 : kill 12345

Disk usages and limits : quota

Testingfreak